At the headquarters of the Comintern in Moscow in the summer of 1936, an argument unfolded between Najati Sidqi, a Palestinian Arab and member of the Palestine Communist Party, and Khalid Bakdash, the secretary general of the Communist Party of Syria and Lebanon. Georgi Dimitrov, Dmitry Manuilsky, and Mao Zedong presided over the debate. Bakdash and Sidqi were debating the usefulness of nationalism in the Communist struggle. Sidqi argued that nationalism, and particularly a united Arab movement, could lead to freedom from foreign and imperial domination by uniting Arab toiling masses.